abstract: In this talk we will present our work in collaboration with CNES on the automatic generation of accurate urban elevation models from low baseline stereo pairs that will be ganerated by the satellites being designed for the next decade. We show how this problem leads to a careful use of Shannon's sampling theory, the computational Gestalt theory and variational techniques, in order to obtain accurate and reliable results. No claim is done that such a solution tries to model or mimic the human visual system. The approach is rather an engineering and applied mathematics one to solve a specific problem. However inspirations from the human visual system and possible links with it will be highlighted.