abstract: In 1998 Kawai and I proved that every 2-parameter instanton-type formal solution of a second order Painlevé equation can be transformed to that of the first Painlevé equation near a simple turning point. This result implies that the structure (for example, the connection formula) of instanton-type solutions of any classical Painlevé equation near a simple turning point is the same with that of the first Painlevé equation. In this talk I would like to discuss generalizations of this result in various directions.