abstract: Non-autonomous or random dynamical systems provide useful and flexible models to investigate systems whose evolution depends on external factors, such as noise and seasonal forcing. In recent years, transfer operators have been combined with multiplicative ergodic theory to shed light on ergodic-theoretic properties of random dynamical systems. The so-called Lyapunov–Oseledets spectrum contains fundamental information about invariant measures, exponential decay rates and coherent structures which characterize dominant global transport features of the system. While the scope of this framework is broad, it is challenging to identify and even approximate this spectrum. In this talk, we present examples of maps where this spectrum can be understood and analyzed under perturbations. This talk is based on joint works with Joshua Peters and Anthony Quas.