abstract: In the first half of the eighteenth century serious scholarly attention continued to be given - for example by Leonhard Euler, by Brook Taylor, and by Robert Smith - to the mathematical study of music in a tradition self-consciously deriving from the work of the ancient Greeks including Euclid and Ptolemy. This paper will examine whether, and how, such consciously 'backward-facing' studies interacted with the distinct emerging science of acoustics, and consider the how this particular mathematical discipline, once part of the quadrivium, finally ceased to command attention - if indeed it did.